1 00:03:48,360 --> 00:03:52,558 I'm Dr. Ahmad Khalil Abu Nakira, diagnostic and intensive care specialist, 2 00:03:52,760 --> 00:03:55,991 deputy director of Al-Najar Hospital. 3 00:03:56,200 --> 00:03:57,838 I live in Shabura. 4 00:04:12,760 --> 00:04:17,357 The US citizen had multiple fractures 5 00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:19,796 in the limbs and neck. 6 00:04:20,040 --> 00:04:23,032 She had bleeding from the mouth 7 00:04:23,320 --> 00:04:26,153 and her lips were purple. 8 00:04:26,440 --> 00:04:31,116 She exhibited the symptoms suffocation. 9 00:04:32,920 --> 00:04:37,039 We did all we could to save her, 10 00:04:37,240 --> 00:04:38,799 but in vain. 11 00:05:14,360 --> 00:05:17,318 Major Avital Leibovich... 12 00:05:19,440 --> 00:05:25,391 You are the Israeli Defense Forces international spokesperson. 13 00:05:28,040 --> 00:05:29,155 Thank you 14 00:05:30,320 --> 00:05:31,799 for your time. 15 00:05:32,760 --> 00:05:36,913 Were you an IDF spokesperson in March 2003? 16 00:05:38,200 --> 00:05:40,919 Yes. I remember that case. 17 00:05:41,200 --> 00:05:45,433 It received a lot of press. 18 00:05:46,280 --> 00:05:51,673 Both Israeli and international media covered it. 19 00:05:52,400 --> 00:05:55,472 IDF SPOKESPERSON DOCUMENT 20 00:05:56,200 --> 00:05:58,111 The lDF was operating in an area 21 00:05:58,400 --> 00:06:02,189 known militarily the Philadelphi Route, 22 00:06:02,920 --> 00:06:04,672 in the southern Gaza Strip, 23 00:06:04,960 --> 00:06:06,598 near the Egyptian border. 24 00:06:06,920 --> 00:06:08,752 In this area, 25 00:06:09,320 --> 00:06:12,915 thousands of grenades had been thrown, 26 00:06:13,320 --> 00:06:15,152 rockets were fired, 27 00:06:15,440 --> 00:06:18,796 hundreds explosive devices were laid, 28 00:06:19,080 --> 00:06:21,390 a threat to both our forces 29 00:06:21,680 --> 00:06:25,514 and the settlers still living in the Gaza Strip, 30 00:06:25,800 --> 00:06:27,473 who were targets. 31 00:06:27,880 --> 00:06:29,518 That's why we operated there. 32 00:06:29,760 --> 00:06:31,239 We had two bulldozers 33 00:06:31,520 --> 00:06:34,319 and an armored vehicle. 34 00:06:34,800 --> 00:06:38,031 The mission was twofold: 35 00:06:38,600 --> 00:06:40,511 first, to clear the ground, 36 00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:41,676 and second, 37 00:06:41,960 --> 00:06:45,396 to locate concealed explosive devices. 38 00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:50,199 Soon after our forces arrived, 39 00:06:50,840 --> 00:06:54,879 a group of activists from an organization called ISM, 40 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:59,517 a group with a pro-Palestinian agenda, 41 00:06:59,800 --> 00:07:02,269 founded by Palestinians, 42 00:07:03,320 --> 00:07:06,950 came on the scene to stage provocations. 43 00:07:07,400 --> 00:07:11,473 Let me stress that the operation did not entail house demolition. 44 00:07:11,760 --> 00:07:13,319 It was just a piece of land. 45 00:07:14,320 --> 00:07:17,233 They started provocative action. 46 00:07:17,520 --> 00:07:20,797 Are you stressing that because house demolitions are routine? 47 00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:22,798 It's not an issue of "routine." 48 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:27,471 We conduct sorts of actions to protect ourselves and our settlers. 49 00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:29,671 From the removal vegetation 50 00:07:29,960 --> 00:07:31,871 to the clearing of land, 51 00:07:32,160 --> 00:07:35,994 to the demolition of a house serving as an explosives lab. 52 00:07:36,200 --> 00:07:39,431 All sorts of things, depending on the situation. 53 00:07:40,480 --> 00:07:42,471 In any case, our forces arrived, 54 00:07:43,080 --> 00:07:45,310 and 30 minutes later, 55 00:07:45,600 --> 00:07:47,910 so did this ISM group. 56 00:07:49,080 --> 00:07:50,639 They blocked the bulldozers 57 00:07:50,920 --> 00:07:53,389 and started yelling slogans. 58 00:07:53,640 --> 00:07:56,200 Attempts were made to disperse them 59 00:07:56,480 --> 00:07:58,835 with tear gas, to no avail. 60 00:07:59,240 --> 00:08:02,312 We even had to take a break from working. 61 00:08:02,920 --> 00:08:05,275 Soon, the operation resumed, 62 00:08:05,840 --> 00:08:09,595 and that's when the incident occurred. 63 00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:13,551 A regrettable incident, 64 00:08:13,840 --> 00:08:15,831 because we aren't interested 65 00:08:16,080 --> 00:08:18,833 in killing anyone who is not a terrorist. 66 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:22,632 The investigation collected testimony 67 00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:26,311 from soldiers and eyewitnesses. 68 00:08:26,920 --> 00:08:28,638 There was an autopsy report, 69 00:08:29,000 --> 00:08:31,674 and evidence was collected in the field. 70 00:08:31,880 --> 00:08:36,272 After much work, the investigation ended. 71 00:08:36,560 --> 00:08:39,439 The findings were conclusive: 72 00:08:39,720 --> 00:08:44,669 There was no direct contact between the bulldozer and the deceased. 73 00:08:46,360 --> 00:08:48,078 There was a pile of dirt, 74 00:08:48,600 --> 00:08:50,511 and she was standing behind it, 75 00:08:52,200 --> 00:08:54,271 The driver couldn't!see her. 76 00:08:55,240 --> 00:08:56,878 From what we understood, 77 00:08:57,160 --> 00:09:00,551 she was buried beneath dirt and sand. 78 00:09:17,920 --> 00:09:19,877 My name is Dr. Samir Nasrallah. 79 00:09:20,160 --> 00:09:21,639 I'm a pharmacist. 80 00:09:22,520 --> 00:09:25,911 I live in Rafah, 81 00:09:26,520 --> 00:09:28,431 in the Gaza Strip, 82 00:09:28,720 --> 00:09:33,476 along the border between Egypt and Palestine. 83 00:09:40,400 --> 00:09:42,038 Returning from work, 84 00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:47,433 I saw two tanks, 100 meters away, and a bulldozer. 85 00:09:48,320 --> 00:09:51,438 I saw Rachel Corrie and Alice 86 00:09:52,600 --> 00:09:53,999 and I went inside. 87 00:09:56,520 --> 00:09:57,669 The gate was here. 88 00:09:59,440 --> 00:10:00,794 I opened the gate 89 00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:03,360 and went in 90 00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:07,990 The front yard of the house was here. 91 00:10:09,480 --> 00:10:10,675 I went in, 92 00:10:12,560 --> 00:10:15,200 I walked into the rooms... 93 00:10:19,480 --> 00:10:22,120 and said hello my children. 94 00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:25,919 "What's going on?" I asked. 95 00:10:26,120 --> 00:10:29,511 "I see Rachel and her friends outside." 96 00:10:31,560 --> 00:10:36,270 They said, "Bulldozers and tanks are destroying the land." 97 00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:41,557 I said, "Let's have a cup of tea," 98 00:10:44,280 --> 00:10:46,840 and went to the window 99 00:10:47,640 --> 00:10:49,551 to see what they were doing. 100 00:10:49,840 --> 00:10:54,789 I saw Rachel and her friends, trying to stop the bulldozer 101 00:10:55,680 --> 00:10:57,398 with their bodies and arms. 102 00:10:59,120 --> 00:11:04,194 When the bulldozer turned towards my house and advanced, 103 00:11:04,520 --> 00:11:07,239 I called to my brother and his kids upsłairs. 104 00:11:07,520 --> 00:11:11,150 "You'd better come sit down here," I told them. 105 00:11:13,320 --> 00:11:14,833 The bulldozer kept on. 106 00:11:15,120 --> 00:11:17,191 The driver could see her clearly. 107 00:11:17,400 --> 00:11:18,993 He could see just fine. 108 00:11:19,280 --> 00:11:21,590 There was nobody here but her 109 00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:23,558 and me, just behind her. 110 00:11:24,320 --> 00:11:28,712 I was behind the fence. I saw everything, minute by minute. 111 00:11:29,000 --> 00:11:31,992 Her four friends were standing over there, 112 00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:36,150 on the ruins of my neighbors' house. 113 00:11:36,840 --> 00:11:38,239 I kept watching. 114 00:11:43,840 --> 00:11:46,434 The bulldozer approached, 115 00:11:46,720 --> 00:11:50,759 scooping up dirt, which piled on her feet. 116 00:11:52,320 --> 00:11:54,038 She lost her balance. 117 00:11:58,600 --> 00:12:03,720 The machine advanced with its blade above her, then reversed. 118 00:12:04,440 --> 00:12:06,511 I ran, hoping the injury was minor. 119 00:12:06,800 --> 00:12:10,430 I quickly took cotton, gauze 120 00:12:10,640 --> 00:12:12,631 first-aid supplies. 121 00:12:12,960 --> 00:12:16,999 Then I took my phone and called my friends 122 00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:18,918 at Al-Najar Hospital. 123 00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:22,993 I told them, "We've got an emergency. 124 00:12:23,280 --> 00:12:27,592 "The Jews have killed our friend Rachel Corrie." 125 00:19:35,360 --> 00:19:38,637 My name is Muhammad Jamil Keshta. 126 00:19:39,240 --> 00:19:42,995 I was born in Rafah in 1956. 127 00:19:43,440 --> 00:19:46,990 Since my house was demolished, 128 00:19:47,320 --> 00:19:48,719 I live in Al-Obour. 129 00:19:49,000 --> 00:19:51,879 Before that, I lived in Rafah. 130 00:19:56,000 --> 00:20:00,233 At the time, the situation was atrocious. 131 00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:04,311 The Israelis destroyed houses 132 00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:07,558 right over people's heads. 133 00:20:07,880 --> 00:20:12,556 I lived near Salah al-Din Gate, 134 00:20:12,840 --> 00:20:17,471 across from an Israeli outpost called Termit. 135 00:20:18,320 --> 00:20:20,596 We knew Rachel Corrie. 136 00:20:20,880 --> 00:20:24,236 She was courageous, with her Arafat-style keffiyeh. 137 00:20:25,320 --> 00:20:31,589 She paid tor her ideals with her life. 138 00:20:34,680 --> 00:20:38,071 All over the world, they talk about me, Abu Jamil. 139 00:20:38,360 --> 00:20:42,274 In their letters, they mention Abu Jamil's specialities. 140 00:20:42,560 --> 00:20:45,029 I cooked such dishes for them! 141 00:20:46,520 --> 00:20:48,830 They were like children to me. 142 00:20:53,240 --> 00:20:56,551 I cooked everything for her: squash, lentils, beans, 143 00:20:56,840 --> 00:20:59,150 peppers-and-eggs, potatoes! 144 00:21:00,520 --> 00:21:02,591 It didn't cost me much. 145 00:21:02,880 --> 00:21:05,793 Even if it had, they deserved it! 146 00:21:08,160 --> 00:21:11,312 They're respectful and well-educated. 147 00:21:14,960 --> 00:21:16,871 If people came 148 00:21:17,440 --> 00:21:22,037 from America and Europe to protect you, 149 00:21:23,320 --> 00:21:27,757 what would you offer them? You'd give your eyes. 150 00:21:28,040 --> 00:21:29,439 You'd sacrifice yourself, 151 00:21:29,720 --> 00:21:33,873 go begging just to feed them as they came to protect you. 152 00:21:34,480 --> 00:21:39,077 In the middle of the night, Rachel would take a megaphone: 153 00:21:40,240 --> 00:21:41,639 "Stop shooting! 154 00:21:41,840 --> 00:21:46,676 "Here in this house, there are children and internationals!" 155 00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:51,876 Without firing a single bullet! 156 00:24:12,640 --> 00:24:13,994 How old are you? 157 00:24:14,960 --> 00:24:16,837 Almost 25, 158 00:24:18,600 --> 00:24:20,511 When were you in the army? 159 00:24:21,200 --> 00:24:24,033 Between 2000 and 2003. 160 00:24:24,720 --> 00:24:27,234 Where did you serve? 161 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:29,678 I was a tank gunner, 162 00:24:31,280 --> 00:24:35,558 mostly stationed in Gaza, Jericho, Tulkarm, Qalqilya, Ramallah. 163 00:24:36,640 --> 00:24:38,870 How long were you in Gaza? 164 00:24:39,800 --> 00:24:44,715 A year and a half, all together. 165 00:24:45,560 --> 00:24:48,518 Were you at the outpost facing Rafah? 166 00:24:48,800 --> 00:24:51,918 Yes. I was there for six months. 167 00:24:52,200 --> 00:24:54,430 - What's the ourpost called? - Termit. 168 00:24:55,720 --> 00:24:57,597 What's special about it? 169 00:24:58,320 --> 00:25:01,517 It was manned by Bedouin soldiers. 170 00:25:01,800 --> 00:25:06,556 To assist them, there were also 171 00:25:06,920 --> 00:25:09,958 two or three tanks, when needed, 172 00:25:10,240 --> 00:25:11,799 and some D9 bulldozers. 173 00:25:12,840 --> 00:25:15,673 What were your assignments? 174 00:25:16,320 --> 00:25:18,880 "Artichoke" ambushes every night, 175 00:25:19,440 --> 00:25:22,353 and incursions inside the city 176 00:25:22,640 --> 00:25:26,031 to "expose" houses, 177 00:25:26,480 --> 00:25:30,269 or when armed men advanced toward us. 178 00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:33,389 "Exposing houses" mean demolishing?" 179 00:25:33,680 --> 00:25:34,431 Yes. 180 00:25:34,720 --> 00:25:36,154 Did you demolish many? 181 00:25:36,440 --> 00:25:39,796 I wasn't in a position to demolish. I just shelled, 182 00:25:40,080 --> 00:25:41,912 while the D9s demolished. 183 00:25:43,120 --> 00:25:46,476 You fire at the house a little, to see if anyone's home. 184 00:25:46,680 --> 00:25:48,910 Then you start wrecking. 185 00:25:49,200 --> 00:25:51,350 They either come out or they don't. 186 00:25:54,520 --> 00:25:58,115 When I first got there, the houses went right up to the wall. 187 00:25:58,320 --> 00:26:01,995 When I left, There was a clearing 800 meters wide. 188 00:26:03,160 --> 00:26:05,629 When you say, "Fire a little," 189 00:26:06,280 --> 00:26:08,430 do you mean fire a lot? 190 00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:09,955 Yes. 191 00:26:10,440 --> 00:26:14,320 There was a period when we had orders 192 00:26:14,600 --> 00:26:18,434 to shoot hourly, just to scare them. 193 00:26:18,720 --> 00:26:20,358 So we'd shoot by the hour. 194 00:26:20,600 --> 00:26:22,989 A house, a window, a water tank... 195 00:26:23,280 --> 00:26:26,511 If the commander was laid back, 196 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:28,791 we could shoot houses for fun. 197 00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:31,638 Did you shoot for fun? 198 00:26:31,920 --> 00:26:32,990 Yes. 199 00:26:33,440 --> 00:26:34,794 Shells? 200 00:26:35,320 --> 00:26:38,756 No, Shells are for armed groups, 201 00:26:39,040 --> 00:26:42,954 or vehicles with armed men, 202 00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:44,514 not for fun. 203 00:26:52,160 --> 00:26:55,391 You said you shot water tanks? 204 00:26:56,240 --> 00:26:58,993 Yes. Because with the artichoke, 205 00:26:59,280 --> 00:27:01,840 you can see the water is hot. 206 00:27:02,040 --> 00:27:05,715 It looks good at night. 207 00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:09,834 -What is this "artichoke"? - The tank's night vision system. 208 00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:14,514 When you shoot a water tank, you see water pouring out. 209 00:27:14,800 --> 00:27:18,236 It looks cool. That's why we did it. 210 00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:23,233 You didn't think, "This is precious drinking water"? 211 00:27:23,520 --> 00:27:24,555 Never. 212 00:27:25,160 --> 00:27:28,232 How can one not think of such things? 213 00:27:29,800 --> 00:27:31,279 It's hard to explain. 214 00:27:31,560 --> 00:27:33,437 It's unlike me. 215 00:27:33,720 --> 00:27:37,793 I only understood it was wrong after the army. 216 00:27:38,160 --> 00:27:40,674 I can't be sure I won't do it again. 217 00:27:40,960 --> 00:27:44,874 As a civilian, I'm a gentle person. 218 00:27:45,440 --> 00:27:46,874 I can't explain it. 219 00:27:53,080 --> 00:27:55,230 Did you kill people? 220 00:27:56,520 --> 00:27:57,316 Yes. 221 00:27:57,520 --> 00:27:58,510 Many? 222 00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:00,354 Relatively, yes. 223 00:28:00,640 --> 00:28:04,713 Were there innocent people among them? 224 00:28:05,000 --> 00:28:06,399 I'm certain there were. 225 00:28:07,480 --> 00:28:13,237 I know there were many who were terrorists, 226 00:28:13,520 --> 00:28:17,070 but I also know There was a woman and a child. 227 00:28:17,280 --> 00:28:19,112 The rest, I'm less sure about. 228 00:28:24,280 --> 00:28:27,352 -Are you religious, may I ask? - Yes. 229 00:28:27,560 --> 00:28:29,756 -Did you pray there? - Yes. 230 00:28:30,400 --> 00:28:32,994 Did you link your faith and actions? 231 00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:36,033 Did you ever feel conflicted? 232 00:28:36,560 --> 00:28:37,755 Never. 233 00:28:40,400 --> 00:28:41,720 It was routine. 234 00:30:31,880 --> 00:30:35,475 I am Captain B.K., Engineering Corps reservist, 235 00:30:36,040 --> 00:30:37,838 a company commander. 236 00:30:43,720 --> 00:30:46,838 This bulldozer is particularly large, 237 00:30:47,120 --> 00:30:48,918 a D9 armored model. 238 00:30:49,200 --> 00:30:52,477 It weighs some 65 tons, 239 00:30:52,760 --> 00:30:56,549 which means it moves slowly and is cumbersome. 240 00:30:56,840 --> 00:31:00,834 It's not hard to maneuver, but one's vision is restricted 241 00:31:01,120 --> 00:31:04,397 by the armor required in this area. 242 00:31:21,440 --> 00:31:24,432 The commander, during the incident was A. 243 00:31:24,720 --> 00:31:26,518 I forget his last name. 244 00:31:29,760 --> 00:31:31,751 The operator's name is Y.F. 245 00:31:32,040 --> 00:31:34,270 He is an honest, straightforward guy, 246 00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:38,439 who obeys my orders without disciplinary problems. 247 00:31:56,440 --> 00:31:57,953 I have nothing to add. 248 00:31:58,240 --> 00:32:00,834 This is my true and correct testimony, 249 00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:03,191 as given to the MP investigator. 250 00:32:03,400 --> 00:32:06,836 I hereby read and validate it with my signature. 251 00:32:39,360 --> 00:32:42,512 Shami Cohen, you are an army reserve colonel. 252 00:32:42,720 --> 00:32:43,755 Yes. 253 00:32:44,360 --> 00:32:49,673 You headed the Military Police investigations unit 254 00:32:49,960 --> 00:32:53,316 -in March 2003. - Correct. 255 00:32:55,280 --> 00:33:01,037 That is, you oversaw the Military Police investigation 256 00:33:01,320 --> 00:33:04,790 into Rachel Corrie's death. 257 00:33:05,080 --> 00:33:05,717 Correct. 258 00:33:07,400 --> 00:33:10,950 First, There was an operational inquiry, 259 00:33:11,840 --> 00:33:16,357 a debriefing at which the soldiers are told, 260 00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:21,078 "No harm can come to you as a result of this inquiry." 261 00:33:21,640 --> 00:33:24,234 Soldiers involved in an incident 262 00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:27,837 are debriefed by their commanders. 263 00:33:28,120 --> 00:33:30,270 They can tell them everything, 264 00:33:30,560 --> 00:33:34,155 because what they say cannot be used against them, 265 00:33:34,440 --> 00:33:37,000 should a criminal investigation ensue. 266 00:33:37,280 --> 00:33:42,354 As operational inquiries are Classified, they are off-limits to military police. 267 00:33:42,560 --> 00:33:45,234 As a military police investigator, 268 00:33:45,520 --> 00:33:50,151 I cannot use the operational inquiry as a source, 269 00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:53,159 or cite any of its findings. 270 00:33:54,080 --> 00:33:56,959 None of that is available to me. 271 00:33:57,240 --> 00:33:59,390 If it fell into my hands, 272 00:33:59,680 --> 00:34:03,833 it might disqualify my team from investigating. 273 00:34:04,480 --> 00:34:08,189 one must also understand that for a police unit 274 00:34:08,520 --> 00:34:11,478 whose duty is to gather evidence 275 00:34:12,160 --> 00:34:15,755 admissible in a court of law, 276 00:34:18,120 --> 00:34:20,111 time is of the essence. 277 00:34:21,120 --> 00:34:24,033 That was one of our biggest problems. 278 00:34:24,320 --> 00:34:27,950 When I reached the scene of Rachel Corrie!s death 279 00:34:28,600 --> 00:34:33,470 - may she rest in peace - There was no tank, no bulldozers, 280 00:34:34,200 --> 00:34:35,838 no corpse. 281 00:34:36,520 --> 00:34:38,511 The site itself was inaccessible. 282 00:34:38,840 --> 00:34:42,549 The medical team who had treated her was gone. 283 00:34:43,560 --> 00:34:46,439 There were no bullets, nothing. 284 00:34:46,640 --> 00:34:51,589 From a legal viewpoint, the site had been compromised. 285 00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:55,834 Going there was next to useless. 286 00:34:56,880 --> 00:34:59,554 All I had to work with 287 00:34:59,840 --> 00:35:03,196 was soldiers' statements obtained during questioning. 288 00:35:04,240 --> 00:35:06,595 The questioning became everything. 289 00:35:07,200 --> 00:35:11,592 Now, let's imagine a situation which is rare, 290 00:35:11,880 --> 00:35:13,029 but does happen: 291 00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:15,436 The soldiers maintain their silence. 292 00:35:15,720 --> 00:35:19,554 This one covers for that one, who covers for the other one... 293 00:35:19,760 --> 00:35:22,229 They all cover for each other. 294 00:35:23,040 --> 00:35:26,715 The only investigative tool I have is questioning. 295 00:35:28,080 --> 00:35:29,798 Investigators are told 296 00:35:30,080 --> 00:35:32,640 to go out and find the truth, 297 00:35:32,920 --> 00:35:34,513 discover who's guilty, 298 00:35:35,200 --> 00:35:38,397 but the only means they're given is questioning. 299 00:35:40,560 --> 00:35:42,597 What about Rachels friends? 300 00:35:42,880 --> 00:35:45,633 Some of them testified, 301 00:35:45,920 --> 00:35:47,149 but not all. 302 00:35:49,120 --> 00:35:50,918 The Palestinians 303 00:35:51,320 --> 00:35:55,473 were nearly impossible to track down. 304 00:35:55,680 --> 00:35:59,719 It required military coordination, because it's a warzone. 305 00:35:59,920 --> 00:36:03,117 The IDF shoots and gets shot at. 306 00:36:03,400 --> 00:36:04,834 It's a war zone. 307 00:36:06,400 --> 00:36:10,314 No, we did not question all the witnesses to the incident. 308 00:36:11,920 --> 00:36:13,149 I am Major S.R., 309 00:36:13,440 --> 00:36:15,272 deputy commander 310 00:36:15,560 --> 00:36:19,474 of the Desert Reconnaissance Battalion. 311 00:36:21,360 --> 00:36:25,399 On the afternoon of March 16, 2003, 312 00:36:25,680 --> 00:36:28,752 I ordered the flattening of the Philadelphi Route 313 00:36:29,040 --> 00:36:30,838 along the exposed area, 314 00:36:31,120 --> 00:36:34,909 from Philadelphi 21 to 23. 315 00:36:35,880 --> 00:36:37,791 I am Sergeant S.L. 316 00:36:38,080 --> 00:36:41,675 I have been a reservist since February 23, 2003, 317 00:36:42,160 --> 00:36:44,231 as a D9 bulldozer operator. 318 00:36:46,600 --> 00:36:50,116 On March 16, 2003, we were given a briefing 319 00:36:50,480 --> 00:36:53,552 by the company commander. 320 00:36:54,680 --> 00:36:56,751 My bulldozer commander, 321 00:36:57,040 --> 00:36:59,429 a reservist named S.A, myself, 322 00:36:59,720 --> 00:37:02,439 and a second D9 bulldozer team, 323 00:37:02,800 --> 00:37:06,191 commander E.V. and operator Y.F, were present. 324 00:37:07,680 --> 00:37:11,639 There was also another officer and two active duty soldiers. 325 00:37:15,520 --> 00:37:18,956 The armoured vehicle commander was Captain R.S. 326 00:37:19,560 --> 00:37:22,029 He oversaw forces on the ground. 327 00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:27,230 At the time, I was at the Liaison HQ, 328 00:37:27,920 --> 00:37:30,070 as the senior officer in the sector. 329 00:37:32,280 --> 00:37:33,475 As they worked, 330 00:37:33,760 --> 00:37:38,152 a group of foreign activists came to harass them. 331 00:37:38,560 --> 00:37:41,029 They've been here for three months, 332 00:37:41,320 --> 00:37:44,711 disturbing us whenever we go on a mission. 333 00:37:45,480 --> 00:37:48,438 They enter the suspect's home 334 00:37:48,720 --> 00:37:52,953 and try to prevent the demolition by any means possible. 335 00:37:59,400 --> 00:38:02,153 They kept running around the bulldozers 336 00:38:02,720 --> 00:38:06,236 on the sides, in front, in the rear. 337 00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:09,716 This went on for four hours. 338 00:38:13,120 --> 00:38:14,519 At around 4:30 PM, 339 00:38:14,800 --> 00:38:19,795 I was operatįng my bulldozer about 20 meters north of Y.F. 340 00:38:21,400 --> 00:38:25,792 I saw all the civilian peace activists running towards his bulldozer 341 00:38:26,080 --> 00:38:28,913 and heard a radio order to stop working. 342 00:38:29,520 --> 00:38:31,716 I looked at the other bulldozer 343 00:38:32,000 --> 00:38:35,118 and saw a mound of dirt two meters high 344 00:38:35,640 --> 00:38:37,870 and 4 or 5 meters wide, 345 00:38:38,200 --> 00:38:40,555 made by the bulldozer. 346 00:38:42,280 --> 00:38:43,918 on the eastern side of the mound, 347 00:38:44,200 --> 00:38:47,591 I saw a girl in her twenties lying on the ground. 348 00:38:48,720 --> 00:38:51,109 I didn't see if she was injured or dead. 349 00:38:51,600 --> 00:38:55,036 But she was in one piece. I'm not at all sure she was dead. 350 00:38:56,680 --> 00:39:00,036 I don't know her, or know who she is. 351 00:39:00,320 --> 00:39:04,553 I did not learn of her death from a medical report, 352 00:39:04,840 --> 00:39:07,719 only from the media. 353 00:39:09,560 --> 00:39:11,756 From what I know of Y.F., 354 00:39:12,040 --> 00:39:13,360 he's a careful operator. 355 00:39:13,720 --> 00:39:16,633 Since the incident, he's been distraught. 356 00:39:17,160 --> 00:39:19,231 He's sensitive, a family man. 357 00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:24,039 He'd never have hit her deliberately. I don't think the bulldozer hit her. 358 00:39:26,440 --> 00:39:29,910 The civilian Rachel Corrie - may she rest in peace - 359 00:39:30,200 --> 00:39:33,272 probably hid behind the dirt mound. 360 00:39:33,560 --> 00:39:39,556 She thought the D9 would stop when the operator saw her. 361 00:39:40,560 --> 00:39:43,552 She intentionally lay at the foot of the mound. 362 00:39:44,200 --> 00:39:48,159 Even if we wanted to see her, we couldn't have. 363 00:39:52,840 --> 00:39:54,797 I have nothing to add. 364 00:39:55,080 --> 00:39:57,435 This is my true and correct testimony, 365 00:39:57,720 --> 00:40:00,712 as given to the MP investigator. 366 00:40:01,000 --> 00:40:06,313 I hereby read and validate it with my signature. 367 00:44:20,520 --> 00:44:24,673 The border was full of tanks. 368 00:44:27,040 --> 00:44:32,114 Everytime we went out, they fired at us. 369 00:44:33,960 --> 00:44:37,271 When the foreigners arrived, I was old, 370 00:44:37,560 --> 00:44:41,793 "These people are peace activists. 371 00:44:42,080 --> 00:44:45,596 Do you want one at your place?" I said, "Give me two or three." 372 00:44:46,760 --> 00:44:51,436 In the first group, we got an Englishman named Ben, 373 00:44:52,000 --> 00:44:53,638 a psychiatrist. 374 00:44:54,560 --> 00:44:57,916 Then we got a Jew named David, 375 00:44:58,200 --> 00:44:59,520 also an Englishman. 376 00:45:00,760 --> 00:45:02,353 I hosted them. 377 00:45:03,440 --> 00:45:08,560 Then they brought some girls. Two girls, then some others. 378 00:45:08,840 --> 00:45:11,275 After a wile, they were saying, 379 00:45:11,640 --> 00:45:13,517 "We want to stay with Abu Ahmad!" 380 00:45:14,120 --> 00:45:15,110 Themselves! 381 00:45:16,040 --> 00:45:20,238 They were here for breakfast and dinner. 382 00:45:20,760 --> 00:45:22,876 All day, they did actions. 383 00:45:23,160 --> 00:45:25,117 I'd give them sandwiches, 384 00:45:25,560 --> 00:45:28,712 one or two apiece... 385 00:45:29,360 --> 00:45:30,555 God bless them! 386 00:45:30,840 --> 00:45:35,152 At dusk, they'd say, "We want to sleep at Abu Ahmad's." 387 00:45:37,240 --> 00:45:39,151 They loved us and I loved them. 388 00:45:39,440 --> 00:45:42,432 They had come to help us. 389 00:45:42,760 --> 00:45:45,070 They weren't here to kill us, 390 00:45:45,720 --> 00:45:49,600 but to resist the fire alongside us. 391 00:45:54,800 --> 00:45:56,473 I remember Rachel 392 00:45:56,720 --> 00:45:58,040 the day she died. 393 00:45:58,320 --> 00:46:00,709 They phoned her, and she came. 394 00:46:01,240 --> 00:46:03,436 I invited her to come in. 395 00:46:03,760 --> 00:46:04,830 "No, Abu Ahmad." 396 00:46:05,120 --> 00:46:07,270 She wore a scarf like this one. 397 00:46:07,560 --> 00:46:09,119 She went to confront them. 398 00:46:10,040 --> 00:46:12,031 I never saw her again. 399 00:46:13,720 --> 00:46:15,597 I told her, "Stay here!" 400 00:46:15,880 --> 00:46:19,271 "Rachel, it's dangerous! Don't go!" 401 00:46:19,560 --> 00:46:21,471 She replied, "No, I'm going." 402 00:46:22,200 --> 00:46:24,111 I couldn't hold her back. 403 00:46:24,320 --> 00:46:25,594 It was her destiny. 404 00:47:14,000 --> 00:47:16,879 GHASSAN ANDONI ISM founder 405 01:08:54,960 --> 01:08:58,271 The witnesses I met are convinced 406 01:08:58,560 --> 01:09:01,473 that he saw her and didn't stop. 407 01:09:01,800 --> 01:09:06,670 If you gathered their testimonies, they contradict the soldiers. 408 01:09:07,760 --> 01:09:09,159 We gathered some. 409 01:09:10,240 --> 01:09:11,514 How do you resolve it? 410 01:09:11,800 --> 01:09:13,120 This contradiction 411 01:09:13,880 --> 01:09:15,917 arose in the investigation, 412 01:09:17,080 --> 01:09:23,270 because all the civilians we questioned claimed, as you just stated, 413 01:09:23,480 --> 01:09:27,314 that it was impossible for him not to see her. 414 01:09:27,520 --> 01:09:30,399 But the soldiers said the opposite. 415 01:09:30,680 --> 01:09:35,595 Visibility from the bulldozer cab is severely impaired. 416 01:09:35,920 --> 01:09:40,118 The driver's field of vision is exłremely limited. 417 01:09:40,400 --> 01:09:43,313 The cab sits very high, 418 01:09:43,720 --> 01:09:48,191 and the windows are just narrow look-out slits. 419 01:09:48,680 --> 01:09:51,035 So, they say they couldn't see her. 420 01:09:51,520 --> 01:09:55,070 All the versions of the events 421 01:09:55,360 --> 01:09:58,113 were given to the Military Advocate General. 422 01:09:58,400 --> 01:10:03,349 It is his duty to determine whether there was criminal intent 423 01:10:04,240 --> 01:10:06,709 and sufficient evidence 424 01:10:07,000 --> 01:10:11,790 to prosecute the soldiers in a court martial. 425 01:10:12,320 --> 01:10:14,277 In this case, 426 01:10:15,120 --> 01:10:18,238 he decided there was no criminal intent, 427 01:10:18,520 --> 01:10:20,272 despite contradictory accounts. 428 01:10:20,560 --> 01:10:22,039 Versions never agree: 429 01:10:22,320 --> 01:10:24,834 The victims and perpetrators 430 01:10:25,120 --> 01:10:28,715 usually contradict each other, and one must choose. 431 01:10:28,960 --> 01:10:31,110 How do you choose? 432 01:10:31,360 --> 01:10:33,556 Based on evidence from the scene, 433 01:10:33,840 --> 01:10:35,478 but we never made it there! 434 01:10:36,640 --> 01:10:40,679 If you'd been asked to add recommendations 435 01:10:40,960 --> 01:10:45,113 to the investigative report you submitted, 436 01:10:45,480 --> 01:10:47,073 what would they be? 437 01:10:49,240 --> 01:10:50,469 Difficult question. 438 01:10:53,800 --> 01:10:58,078 On the one hand, it's troubling 439 01:10:59,960 --> 01:11:03,715 that a civilian was killed. 440 01:11:05,560 --> 01:11:07,358 on the other, these soldiers 441 01:11:07,640 --> 01:11:11,838 were fighting for their lives 442 01:11:12,040 --> 01:11:14,077 whenever they were in this zone. 443 01:11:16,480 --> 01:11:20,872 Under the circumstances, I wouldn't amend my decision. 444 01:11:21,600 --> 01:11:24,399 I really don't think so. 445 01:11:25,200 --> 01:11:27,510 Had my investigators arrived 446 01:11:27,840 --> 01:11:29,433 just after the incident, 447 01:11:29,720 --> 01:11:31,438 when the bulldozer 448 01:11:31,720 --> 01:11:34,189 and Rachel Corrie's body remained, 449 01:11:35,200 --> 01:11:38,079 I might have reached a different conclusion. 450 01:11:53,920 --> 01:11:57,879 APRIL 1, 2003 451 01:11:58,160 --> 01:12:02,631 ISRAELI CHANNEL 2 DOCUMENT 452 01:12:02,920 --> 01:12:05,878 A D9 is manned by two people. 453 01:12:06,160 --> 01:12:07,878 Like a pilot and navigator? 454 01:12:08,480 --> 01:12:09,629 You could say that. 455 01:12:09,840 --> 01:12:11,478 Each sees a different area? 456 01:12:11,680 --> 01:12:12,829 Yes. 457 01:12:14,200 --> 01:12:17,511 When you ride with your helmets on, 458 01:12:17,840 --> 01:12:20,150 can you hear anything? 459 01:12:20,680 --> 01:12:23,559 No, you can't hear anything 460 01:12:23,840 --> 01:12:25,672 happening outside. 461 01:12:25,960 --> 01:12:27,871 I'd never seen these foreigners. 462 01:12:28,160 --> 01:12:29,673 I thought they were 463 01:12:29,960 --> 01:12:31,871 Palestinians in disguise. 464 01:12:32,160 --> 01:12:33,992 They looked Palestinian to you? 465 01:12:34,560 --> 01:12:37,473 There are white Palestinians, too. 466 01:12:38,440 --> 01:12:40,716 I wouldn't expect to see anyone 467 01:12:41,000 --> 01:12:42,911 besides Palestinians here. 468 01:12:43,720 --> 01:12:45,358 So I made my Assumption. 469 01:12:45,640 --> 01:12:46,960 Then, via radio, 470 01:12:47,160 --> 01:12:49,117 I was told they were foreigners, 471 01:12:49,400 --> 01:12:51,835 from some organization. 472 01:12:52,440 --> 01:12:57,276 The tractor moves at walking speed. 473 01:12:57,880 --> 01:12:59,314 Even slower. 474 01:12:59,760 --> 01:13:01,114 With a mound of dirt, 475 01:13:01,400 --> 01:13:03,073 It can't go any faster. 476 01:13:03,880 --> 01:13:06,030 We were pushing dirt, 477 01:13:06,320 --> 01:13:08,470 and suddenly we saw people 478 01:13:08,760 --> 01:13:10,194 waving their arms. 479 01:13:10,520 --> 01:13:12,955 I understood something had happened. 480 01:13:13,480 --> 01:13:16,154 So I told him, "Stop. 481 01:13:17,200 --> 01:13:19,714 "Back up." 482 01:13:20,080 --> 01:13:21,673 We lowered the blade 483 01:13:21,960 --> 01:13:24,315 because it obstructed our view. 484 01:13:24,600 --> 01:13:26,113 With the blade lowered, 485 01:13:26,400 --> 01:13:27,390 we saw the body. 486 01:13:27,960 --> 01:13:30,236 But we were already far. 487 01:13:30,840 --> 01:13:33,229 Thirty or forty meters, maybe. 488 01:13:33,840 --> 01:13:34,955 I didn't count. 489 01:13:35,600 --> 01:13:36,670 When I saw her, 490 01:13:36,960 --> 01:13:39,839 I realized we had hit someone. 491 01:13:42,160 --> 01:13:43,116 And then? 492 01:13:45,240 --> 01:13:46,878 We moved further back. 493 01:13:48,960 --> 01:13:51,156 We backed up... 494 01:13:51,440 --> 01:13:54,193 We parked on the Route. 495 01:13:54,480 --> 01:13:56,915 I awaited orders. 496 01:13:58,280 --> 01:14:01,079 We felt awful. 497 01:14:04,440 --> 01:14:06,795 It shouldn't have happened. 498 01:14:08,880 --> 01:14:11,110 How could it have been avoided? 499 01:14:12,360 --> 01:14:14,954 If you ask us... 500 01:14:16,600 --> 01:14:19,513 Drive away and not work there. 501 01:14:21,040 --> 01:14:24,590 But we had orders. 502 01:14:24,880 --> 01:14:28,271 We have to do what we're told. 503 01:14:30,080 --> 01:14:33,869 It's a huge, heavy machine. 504 01:14:34,440 --> 01:14:36,954 If I had run over a person, 505 01:14:37,160 --> 01:14:38,514 there'd be nothing left. 506 01:14:39,840 --> 01:14:41,831 They wouldn't even have found her. 507 01:14:42,120 --> 01:14:44,794 Not even pieces. 508 01:14:45,400 --> 01:14:48,392 So I don't think I ran over her. 509 01:14:50,760 --> 01:14:52,558 It's very heavy equipment. 510 01:16:35,880 --> 01:16:37,473 30 for D9-2! 511 01:16:37,760 --> 01:16:39,194 D9-2, 30! 512 01:16:43,480 --> 01:16:44,879 D9, HQ! 513 01:16:45,320 --> 01:16:47,391 I hit someone. 514 01:16:57,280 --> 01:16:58,554 Where are you, HQ? 515 01:16:59,440 --> 01:17:00,635 Roger. Over. 516 01:17:00,960 --> 01:17:04,271 Roger, It seems something fell on someone. 517 01:17:04,560 --> 01:17:06,471 He was too close to the D9 518 01:17:06,760 --> 01:17:08,353 and got a little hurt. 519 01:17:09,840 --> 01:17:12,514 - One of the foreigners? -Positive. 520 01:17:13,840 --> 01:17:16,434 Roger. Has he been evacuated? 521 01:17:18,200 --> 01:17:19,998 Positive. It's underway. 522 01:17:20,600 --> 01:17:22,432 Do you know what fell on him? 523 01:17:23,160 --> 01:17:26,232 A stone, apparently. We're checking. 524 01:17:27,480 --> 01:17:30,199 Roger. A stone fell from the D9? 525 01:17:30,480 --> 01:17:31,231 Positive. 526 01:17:31,520 --> 01:17:32,669 Roger. 527 01:18:14,640 --> 01:18:18,031 Apparently, someone was hit by the D9 528 01:18:18,320 --> 01:18:20,072 and is in critical condition. 529 01:18:21,040 --> 01:18:25,238 Roger. Hit by the D9, or something that fell on him? 530 01:18:25,720 --> 01:18:29,270 He must have come up behind the D9 531 01:18:30,520 --> 01:18:31,954 and into its path. 532 01:18:32,240 --> 01:18:33,389 Roger. 533 01:19:25,960 --> 01:19:28,429 D9-1, move back to the Route. 534 01:19:33,360 --> 01:19:34,759 Roger. 535 01:19:36,080 --> 01:19:37,912 Have you seen him? 536 01:19:39,960 --> 01:19:42,873 Yes. I think he's dead. 537 01:19:52,600 --> 01:19:53,999 Dead? 538 01:19:57,640 --> 01:19:59,119 God have mercy on him. 539 01:25:36,360 --> 01:25:38,636 I am the Chief Forensic Pathologist. 540 01:25:38,920 --> 01:25:41,753 When Rachel died, 541 01:25:41,960 --> 01:25:44,679 I was the director of this center, 542 01:25:44,960 --> 01:25:47,031 and I performed the autopsy. 543 01:25:47,400 --> 01:25:51,758 The report on the circumstances was brief and imprecise, 544 01:25:51,960 --> 01:25:54,713 saying she might have been hit by a tractor. 545 01:25:54,920 --> 01:25:59,517 So we looked tor mechanical damage 546 01:25:59,800 --> 01:26:04,920 that would indicate injury by a tractor. 547 01:26:05,200 --> 01:26:09,751 We found minor damage to her body, 548 01:26:10,040 --> 01:26:14,159 head, arms, legs, and chest. 549 01:26:14,440 --> 01:26:17,592 But all of it was relatively minor. 550 01:26:17,880 --> 01:26:20,872 No signs of having been run over by a tractor. 551 01:26:21,280 --> 01:26:25,114 She had other signs like bleeding from the eyes, 552 01:26:25,400 --> 01:26:30,315 characteristic of death by suffocation. 553 01:26:30,560 --> 01:26:35,077 These findings led me to the conclusion 554 01:26:35,360 --> 01:26:40,833 that her death was due to pressure from a heavy object. 555 01:26:41,120 --> 01:26:45,239 The heavy object must have been the blade... 556 01:26:45,520 --> 01:26:49,593 It could have been, but usually we find that a tractor blade, 557 01:26:49,800 --> 01:26:51,199 a metal object, 558 01:26:51,480 --> 01:26:57,192 leaves tell tale marks on the body of the victim. 559 01:26:57,480 --> 01:26:58,470 In this case, 560 01:26:58,760 --> 01:27:02,879 whatever exerted pressure on her was softer than metal. 561 01:27:03,160 --> 01:27:06,312 I cannot rule out the blade as a possibility. 562 01:27:06,640 --> 01:27:11,589 However, it so, a layer of sand between her body and the blade 563 01:27:11,960 --> 01:27:16,955 must have absorbed some of the impact of the blade or tractor. 564 01:27:18,160 --> 01:27:19,833 Her parents told me 565 01:27:20,120 --> 01:27:25,752 they refused to allow an autopsy to be performed 566 01:27:26,000 --> 01:27:28,389 unless a US official was present. 567 01:27:28,680 --> 01:27:31,194 True. They wrote a letter 568 01:27:31,480 --> 01:27:35,394 requesting American diplomatic presence. 569 01:27:35,680 --> 01:27:39,469 I contacted the US Embassy, as noted in my autopsy report. 570 01:27:39,760 --> 01:27:43,515 But the Embassy did not see fit to send a representative. 571 01:27:43,800 --> 01:27:45,313 I fully agree 572 01:27:45,600 --> 01:27:50,390 that the autopsy authorization filed by Rachel's parents 573 01:27:50,680 --> 01:27:53,479 demanded American diplomatic presence. 574 01:27:53,760 --> 01:27:57,390 We have nothing to hide. 575 01:27:57,680 --> 01:28:01,560 We prefer that the family be represented. 576 01:28:01,840 --> 01:28:05,151 But when the Embassy informed me that they weren't interested, 577 01:28:05,440 --> 01:28:10,719 or that the presence was unneeded, we proceeded with the autopsy. 578 01:28:19,840 --> 01:28:21,194 I am Colonel P.Z., 579 01:28:21,480 --> 01:28:26,111 Chief-Commander of the Gaza Division Southern Brigade. 580 01:28:28,600 --> 01:28:30,637 The Military Police asked me 581 01:28:30,920 --> 01:28:34,515 to comment on the death of the US citizen Corrie, Rachel 582 01:28:34,800 --> 01:28:37,997 on March 16, 2003 583 01:28:38,280 --> 01:28:41,033 near Philadelphi Route point 23. 584 01:28:41,680 --> 01:28:43,193 Here are my remarks: 585 01:28:45,000 --> 01:28:50,074 The Desert Reconnaissance Battalion was doing land grading work 586 01:28:50,360 --> 01:28:54,433 to reduce the capacity of terrorist organizations 587 01:28:54,720 --> 01:28:59,317 to lay explosives in piles of dirt and construction debris there. 588 01:29:01,200 --> 01:29:04,352 Our forces began working at around 1 PM. 589 01:29:04,640 --> 01:29:08,918 They were continually harassed by activists from leftist groups. 590 01:29:09,200 --> 01:29:12,238 Several times, they backed off 591 01:29:12,520 --> 01:29:15,672 and tried to disperse them by loudspeaker 592 01:29:15,960 --> 01:29:18,873 and various crowd control methods. 593 01:29:19,280 --> 01:29:22,352 All these attempts were in vain. 594 01:29:22,640 --> 01:29:26,952 There was blatant disrespect for and indifference to the soldiers. 595 01:29:28,440 --> 01:29:32,673 Soldiers and commanders complied fully with regulations and orders. 596 01:29:32,960 --> 01:29:37,989 This incident was caused by the protesters' reckless behavior. 597 01:29:39,680 --> 01:29:44,311 Moreover, I must praise the forces for their restraint that day. 598 01:29:46,160 --> 01:29:48,151 I have nothing to add. 599 01:29:48,440 --> 01:29:51,717 This is my true and correct testimony. 600 01:29:52,000 --> 01:29:55,152 I hereby validate it with my signature. 601 01:30:48,360 --> 01:30:51,557 My name is Yonatan Polak. 602 01:30:51,960 --> 01:30:54,474 I lived here in Jaffa, 2002-'06. 603 01:30:54,760 --> 01:30:59,630 This is where I was living when the bulldozer killed Rachel. 604 01:31:00,320 --> 01:31:02,470 ISM activists sometimes slept here. 605 01:31:02,760 --> 01:31:05,673 I'm also active with them. 606 01:31:07,280 --> 01:31:11,069 In 2003, after the bulldozer killed Rachel, 607 01:31:11,360 --> 01:31:14,193 some of her friends came here. 608 01:31:14,480 --> 01:31:17,040 Three at first; then a fourth. 609 01:31:19,200 --> 01:31:21,874 They stayed a few days. 610 01:31:23,560 --> 01:31:26,359 They needed a safe haven to recover. 611 01:31:26,560 --> 01:31:28,039 They were traumatized. 612 01:31:51,520 --> 01:31:54,114 My grandparents were Communists. 613 01:31:54,440 --> 01:31:57,558 My grandfather was jailed in the 1950s. 614 01:32:01,640 --> 01:32:06,396 I attended my first protest rally when I was two months old! 615 01:32:06,800 --> 01:32:09,792 Against the massacres at Sabra and Shatila. 616 01:32:10,040 --> 01:32:14,511 The first protest I remember was at the start of the first Intifiada. 617 01:32:15,040 --> 01:32:18,032 The main thing I remember 618 01:32:18,440 --> 01:32:22,434 was the mounted police who were sent in 619 01:32:23,120 --> 01:32:24,793 to disperse us. 620 01:32:27,400 --> 01:32:32,600 I was twelve then, and have been an activist ever since. 621 01:32:32,880 --> 01:32:37,909 I go to demonstrations and engage in direct action 622 01:32:38,200 --> 01:32:40,555 like blocking bulldozers, 623 01:32:41,280 --> 01:32:42,998 damaging the wall, 624 01:32:43,280 --> 01:32:45,794 sabotaging occupation infrastructure. 625 01:32:46,440 --> 01:32:48,238 Crossing the lines, 626 01:32:48,560 --> 01:32:52,315 joining the resistance, not just speaking out but... 627 01:32:53,360 --> 01:32:54,191 taking action, 628 01:32:56,000 --> 01:32:58,753 I don't think I could live here, 629 01:32:59,080 --> 01:33:01,720 regardless of the prospects for victory, 630 01:33:02,280 --> 01:33:04,237 without sharing in the resistance. 631 01:33:04,440 --> 01:33:08,877 Here or anywhere else in the world, 632 01:33:09,080 --> 01:33:11,276 I have a duty to resist things 633 01:33:12,640 --> 01:33:14,278 that I consider 634 01:33:14,960 --> 01:33:19,272 to be responsible for the poor state of the world. 635 01:33:19,640 --> 01:33:23,759 Maybe it's the difference between our generations. 636 01:33:26,160 --> 01:33:28,151 Can one resist without hope? 637 01:33:28,440 --> 01:33:29,475 Yes. 638 01:33:30,120 --> 01:33:32,634 It's possible to resist without hope 639 01:33:32,840 --> 01:33:34,877 but also without despair. 640 01:33:39,120 --> 01:33:40,838 Resistance is life. 641 01:33:43,400 --> 01:33:45,391 Resistance is... 642 01:33:46,720 --> 01:33:49,678 a kind of truth. A kind of... 643 01:33:50,520 --> 01:33:51,999 passion, desire... 644 01:33:52,280 --> 01:33:55,318 Words that translate poorly into Hebrew. 645 01:33:59,680 --> 01:34:01,956 I believe that in revolt... 646 01:34:04,520 --> 01:34:05,999 there is great truth, 647 01:34:06,800 --> 01:34:10,589 whether or not it succeeds. 648 01:34:11,120 --> 01:34:14,954 The people who fought in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 649 01:34:15,240 --> 01:34:19,677 had no hope of winning. 650 01:34:22,720 --> 01:34:24,836 But I understand why they did it. 651 01:34:25,040 --> 01:34:27,600 I can see them doing it.